The Removal Of British Protection - 912 Words

The removal of British protection resulted in a social need for protection, either by the dominion or the United States, and therefore was a key factor in the three referendums. During this period King believed that the protection of Newfoundland was a fundamental aspect of Canadian security because of the threats of a full-scale invasion. For Newfoundland, the creation of the Newfoundland Defense Force in 1940 included Canadian troops whom were at Gander airport. Prior to Confederation, the British government signed a series of 130 treaties with other countries including several that allowed American military bases, and treaties that protected American and French fishing rights. Bases including Stephenville were leased for 99 years to the United States military. Such in maintained military arrangements were responsible for increased cultural connections to both the Canadians and the Americans. The intermarrying among American servicemen and Newfoundland women resulted in a cultural connection. Mackenzie stresses what the extent of the naval bases played in Canadian symbolic victory. He maintains that â€Å"With the signing of the 1941 Airbases Agreement, the Canadian government won a large symbolic victory, but a major one none the less†¦ in a matter of days the American presence on the island shifted.† This meant that no longer would Washington be able to call the shots regarding he islands protection, and demonstrate Canada’s willingness to the citizens of their potentialShow MoreRelated Andrew Jackson Essay981 Words   |  4 Pagesthe strength and tenacity by which America has defined itself over the generations. He acted in all ways with concern for the growth of the American nation, both at home and overseas. Even his now unquestionably negative actions, such as the Indian Removal Act, were done at the time not only in the interest of the citizens of the united states , but in regard (however misguided) to the survival of the Indian nations. It is this distinction between intents that make the comparison of Andrew Jackson toRead MoreThe Impact Of British Colonialism On Indigenous Australians1560 Words   |  7 PagesThe Social Work professional would benefit from completing SCS130 because they would gain insight into the impact of British colonialism on Indigenous Australians and how the laws of control and protection forced them to become dependent, this, enables an understanding in terms of the present situation of disadvantage. Hollinsworth (2008) maintains that the historical impact of colonisation by Europeans on Indigenous Australians, is the basis for contemporary racism in Australia (pp. 35,67,77,79-80Read MoreUnfair Treatment of the Native Americans1498 Words   |  6 Pagesthe 1750s and 1760s there were several conflicts between the British and French nations. This Great War of Empire or the Seven years War took place in the Carolinas and it was known as the Cherokee War between 1756 and 1763. Euro peans were struggling for North America in the 18th century, and each of them controlled a land in America: Florida was controlled by the Spanish, Canada and Louisiana was occupied by the French, and the British held the Atlantic seaboard. Europeans wanted to convince IndiansRead MoreThe Legacy Of Andrew Jackson1090 Words   |  5 Pagesdescribed by Robert Remini in his book entitled, â€Å"The Life of Andrew Jackson† as a â€Å" stupendous victory. It was the greatest feat of American arms up to that time. It was a splendid climax to a not-so-splendid war†¦Ã¢â‚¬  (Remini, 3). His defeat of the British troops gained him popularity and national recognition, which helped pave the way for his presidential campaign years later (War of 1812). Overall, Andrew Jackson was a strong military leader, but unfortunately, that would not be the case once he becameRead MoreSub-Structure Design Essay1635 Words   |  7 Pageslandfill of the contaminants and contaminated material. Ex cavation can be targeted to contaminant ‘hot spots’, or it may be necessary to remove sufficient depth of contaminated material to accommodate a cover system within the planned site levels. Removal may not be viable depending on the extent and depth of the contaminants on the site and the availability of suitably licensed landfills.† Another vital issue is the fact that Coal is present in the borehole samples. I advise that further investigationsRead MoreThe Marbles And The Parthenon1139 Words   |  5 Pagessecurity setting with little protection? The only possible explanation would be that the Greeks did not care about the marbles as much as they said they did. This considerably large factor should alone explain the denial of return for the marbles. The Greeks should not foresee the return of the marbles due to countless reasons, for one the marbles should be left in the British Museum because this allows them to be seen from a wider audience. Lord Elgin s legal removal of the marbles saved them fromRead More The Stolen Generation of Aboriginal Decent Essay933 Words   |  4 PagesAboriginal or Torres Strait Islander descent. Following the government policies, the European police and government continued the assimilation of Aboriginal children into ‘white’ society. Oblivious to the destruction an d devastation they were causing, the British had believed that they were doing this for â€Å"their [Aborigines] own good†, that they were â€Å"protecting† them as their families and culture were deemed unfit to raise them. These beliefs caused great controversy, as the abuse and torture experiencedRead MoreSignificance Of The Second Seminole War1337 Words   |  6 Pagesthe significance of the Second Seminole War, one must first examine the First Seminole War. Frustrated with Seminole protection of runaway slaves, Andrew Jackson and more than three thousand men entered northern Florida in 1816 and began to decimate Seminole populations. Despite most of these campaigns being unsanctioned by the United States government and protested by the British and the Spanish, Jackson was received as a war hero throughout the nation. The Adam-Onis Treaty of 1819 officially transfesrredRead MoreSustainability, Protection And The Preservation Of The Environment Essay1409 Words    |  6 Pagesending supply of resources that humans need in order to satisfy their needs and wants. However, if you look at the world recently, humans have started to realize that these resources aren’t unlimited and have started thinking about sustainability, protection and the preservation of the environment. Looking at the limited supply of natural resources and the increasing utilization due to the growing population and consumption, if we do not come up with a solution to this global environmental crisis, theRead MoreThe North American Free Trade Agreement3039 Words   |  13 Pagesgovernments and private investors can sell bulk water. This argument is strengthened by NAFTA’s further omission of a clause stating that a right to water is a human right. A nexus between water access and human rights would have entitled environmental protection through the public trust doctrine. The loopholes listed above act in favor of treating water as an item of commerce. The main supporting factor is that the potential earning power of water is plausible . At least 13% of the world’s renewable freshwater

Mass Incarceration And Its Effects On Families,...

The dream of a life of freedom in a world that has endless possibilities begins in the United States. Sadly, this is not a privilege for everyone to experience. Although, when speaking of confining and isolating individuals, the realization of this luxury of freedom is not granted to everyone. These few words pierce into the heart of life as a inmate. Nevertheless, the suffering of one is felt by more and more individuals on a daily basis. Yet, those living free on the outside do not see a problem and many refuse to believe or even acknowledge that there is one. However, the United States has paved the way to create a cycle of endless incarceration for many people but especially for those of color. Such as the 1994 Violent Crime Control Act and the lack of substance abuse treatment in prisons. Overwhelmingly, mass incarceration has had a great impact on families, communities and society as a whole. As illuminated through the parable by inmate Joe Martinez, this continued cyc ling of inmates in and out of prison is devastating to the growth society. At the beginning of the parable the inmate approaches a set of doors and chooses the door that has been identified as corrections. The word corrections in regards to inmates, can be thought of as the word punishment and that punishment will result in a change of behavior. In the correctional system inmates are referred to as criminals and the basic needs of these inmates are to be met by the hosting facility. TheseShow MoreRelatedSocial Inequality Is A Persistent Issue That Affects The1106 Words   |  5 PagesPoverty and wealth are derived from labels imposed by society dictating status, class and affluence. A vicious cycle, established through the disproportionate availability of opportunities and unequal distribution of resources, beings to erode the family unit, churches and communities. Therefore, social inequality impacts poverty and wealth through labeling, mass incarceration, crime, education and the creation of the working poor. Labeling Society imposed labels on poverty and wealth creates a strainRead MoreThe War On Drugs And Mass Incarceration Essay1439 Words   |  6 PagesIntroduction The War on Drugs and Mass Incarceration have been two very well-known topics of society. While these have taken place during the Cold War, there is still a continuance in them today. The impact that has been left on society from these issues have stuck around, while mass incarceration is still of talk today. War on Drugs The War on Drugs not only has many acts that have been in place due to it, but there has been a domino effect with other topics. The War on Drugs has become a complicatedRead MoreThe Effects Of High Incarceration On The United States879 Words   |  4 PagesA. Societal Effects From Increasing Alienated Population The vast societal effects from mass incarceration have caused an increasingly alienated population to form in the U.S., which can be broadly classified in the dual areas of lasting effects and impacts to the family unit. First, the lasting effects of high incarceration rates are that they impact the rights of the convict, particularly African Americans. For example, noted civil rights attorney Michelle Alexander posits that the longRead MoreThe Basis for Cridme Deterren ce in the United States964 Words   |  4 Pagesreaching consequences for criminal offenders and completely ignores the true goal of incarceration, to rehabilitate the offender for reintroduction into society. Mass incarceration as a means of criminal rehabilitation in the United States is extremely flawed. There are many far-reaching consequences of this practice that not only affects the incarcerated but larger society on a whole. The phrase mass incarceration, according to Oxford Encyclopedia, refers to â€Å"comparatively and historically extremeRead MoreMass Incarceration And Its Effects On The United States Essay1264 Words   |  6 PagesMass incarceration is a major problem in the United States. Since the tough on crime movement that began to emphasize more punishment and creating new policies such as; three strikes law, truth-in sentencing laws, mandatory sentencing, and determinate sentencing, our prisons and jails have become overcrowded. The three strikes law increases the prison sentence of an offender convicted of three felonies or serious crime. Usually the punishment ranges from a minimum of 25 years to life in prison. TheRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander1313 Words   |  6 Pages The New Jim Crow Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness examine the Jim Crow practices post slavery and the mass incarceration of African-American. The creation of Jim Crows laws where used as a tool to promote segregation among the minority and white American. Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass takes a look at Jim Crow laws and policies were put into place to block the social progression African-American from the post-slavery to the civilRead MoreThe New Jim Crow By Michelle Alexander1316 Words   |  6 Pages The New Jim Crow Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass Incarceration in the Age of Colorblindness examine the Jim Crow practices post slavery and the mass incarceration of African-American. The creation of Jim Crows laws were used as a tool to promote segregation among the minority and white American. Michelle Alexander’s the new Jim Crow Mass takes a look at Jim Crow laws and policies were put into place to block the social progression African-American from the post-slavery to theRead MoreSocial Issues In Criminal Justice1361 Words   |  6 Pageseducational level, it is easy to conclude that our system has set up an entire race of people, for failure. Although we have made legal strides towards racial equality, our system is still deeply flawed. It is failing, not just the African American community, but many other ethnic and minority groups as well. The blame should not be on the people trying to cross the equality lines, but rather on the line drawers. We need to implement , execute, monitor, and advocate for policies and laws that hold meritRead MoreThe Secret Identity Of Batman863 Words   |  4 Pageseducated, working, and involved. I unequivocally believe that the government controls society by incarcerating those who are perceived as undesirable and by instilling fear in others, hindering the development of a healthy family life. At the start of the 1970s, incarceration appeared to be a practice in decline. Criticized for its overuse and detrimental effects, practitioners and reformers looked to community-based alternatives as a more promising strategy for managing criminal offenders. The conditionsRead MoreThe Problem With Mass Incarceration1445 Words   |  6 Pages The Problem with Mass Incarceration Over the past few decades, the United States has witnessed a huge surge in the number of individuals in jail and in prison. Evidence suggests the mass imprisonment policy from the last 40 years was a horrible catastrophe. Putting more people in prison not only ruined lives, it disrupted families, prevented ex-prisoners to find housing, to get an education, or even a good job. Regrettably, the United States has a higher percent of its population incarcerated

Employee Motivation in the Workplace Essay - 871 Words

Employee motivation in the workplace The job of a manager in the workplace is to get things done through employees. To do this the manager should be able to motivate employees. But thats easier said than done! Motivation practice and theory are difficult subjects, touching on several disciplines. In spite of enormous research, basic as well as applied, the subject of motivation is not clearly understood and more often than not poorly practiced. To understand motivation one must understand human nature itself. And there lies the problem! Human nature can be very simple, yet very complex too. An understanding and appreciation of this is a prerequisite to effective employee motivation in the workplace and therefore effective management†¦show more content†¦Are they born with the self-motivation or drive? Yes and no. If no, they can be motivated, for motivation is a skill which can and must be learnt. This is essential for any business to survive and succeed. Performance is considered to be a function of ability and motivation, thus: • Job performance =f(ability)(motivation) Ability in turn depends on education, experience and training and its improvement is a slow and long process. On the other hand motivation can be improved quickly. There are many options and an uninitiated manager may not even know where to start. As a guideline, there are broadly seven strategies for motivation. • Positive reinforcement / high expectations • Effective discipline and punishment • Treating people fairly • Satisfying employees needs • Setting work related goals • Restructuring jobs • Base rewards on job performance These are the basic strategies, though the mix in the final recipe will vary from workplace situation to situation. Essentially, there is a gap between an individuals actual state and some desired state and the manager tries to reduce this gap. Motivation is, in effect, a means to reduce and manipulate this gap. It is inducing others in a specific way towards goals specifically stated by the motivator. Naturally, these goals as also the motivation system must conform to the corporate policy ofShow MoreRelatedEmployee Motivation in the Workplace1413 Words   |  6 Pageswell and product and or quality is of the same caliber. The key to an employee performance is motivation. The expression, you can lead a horse to water but you cannot force it to drink water, can be seen within the human race. The purpose of this paper is to discuss motivation in the workplace. To have a successful company, employee must be motivated enough to work and get the job done. One way have success in the workplace is to define the morale and motivate employees. The human resource departmentRead MoreEmployee Motivation in the Workplace1504 Words   |  6 Pagesarticles by John Honore (2009), James Lindner (1998), and an article by Fred Herrera (2002). All three articles discussed the topic of employee motivation in the workplace. The authors examined several motivational theories and put forward their ideas on the concepts and application of motivational techniques. The authors’ work provides insight into the psychology of motivation and the different factors and theories that affect it. My conclusion is in line with the authors’, motivated employees are neededRead MoreCorrelation Between Employee Attitude And Workplace Motivation1840 Words   |  8 PagesPsychologist Fredrick Herzberg developed the Two-Factor theory in 1959 to determine the correlation between employee attitude and workplace motivation. Herzberg challenged the assumptions of his time, which suggested that workers were motivated by money and other tangible benefits. He sought to research what factors made workers feel satisfied and which made them feel dissatisfied in the workplace. He conducted a survey that included over 200 engineers and accountants from various companies in existenceRead MoreThe Effect Of Motivation On The Workplace759 Words   |  4 PagesThe topic in the workplace that I have chosen to discuss is that of motivation in the workplace. Problems of motivation can cause performance issues, which cost businesses thousands of dollars each year (Nordmeyer). Low motivation delays employees from completing their work and causes many mistakes made within the workplace (Nordmeyer). The definition of motivation is the processes that account for an individual’s intensi ty, direction, as well as persistence of effort, towards attaining a goal (RobbinsRead MoreThe Relationship Between Motivation And Performance Of Workers Essay1320 Words   |  6 Pages Abstract Motivation derived from Latin word† Movere†, it is the drive which motivates to perform better. There is a link between motivation and performance. It is already resulted from previous studies that the motivated employees give more positive outcomes. To further investigate the relation among motivation and performance of workers. The research statement is designed to evaluate the relationship between motivation and employee’s performance. To evaluate the relationship, the quantitative researchRead MoreWhy Is Motivation So Imperative? Essay1314 Words   |  6 Pagesmotivate people, motivation must be balanced throughout the workplace (Forbes). Keeping employees motivated is a crucial element in order to retain the best employees in the company. Why is motivation so imperative in the workplace? There are numerous reasons why companies should have a motivated workforce. Motivated employees will not only work quicker, but they will also use creativity to help the organization save millions of dollars by implementing new ideas. For many years, motivation has been studiedRead MoreHow Motivate And Retain Your Fellow Employee1392 Words   |  6 Pagesopinions and constructive criticism in our workplaces. The people who undergo various situations is the employees, it can be from being treated unlikely oppose to others, or congratulating an employee on the successful progress at work. In this research paper we will express the many different ways on how to motivate and retain your fellow employee’s. Motivation play’s an important part towards an employee, if they are approached with appreciation at their workplace this will encourage the worker’s desireRead MoreAnalysis Of BYOD Policy851 Words   |  4 PagesT he improvement of the employee is linked to the training process at the workplace. But, now, for a short-term, BYOD policy is effective for both, the management and the employee. For Instance, when the management allows the employee use own device during the duty hours, it seems an initiative to create a work-friendly environment and culture to improve the performances of the employees. Different aspects of the employee improvements will be elaborated in the study. However, in the policy-makingRead MoreThe Impact Of Motivation On The Workplace861 Words   |  4 PagesOnce I would like to start off explaining what motivation in the workplace. Motivation is an employee s intrinsic enthusiasm about and drive to accomplish activities related to work. Motivation is that internal drive that causes an individual to decide to take action. The five job related factors that can hinder motivation in the workplace are (1) Inadequate Job Skills, (2) Opportunity for Advancement, (3) Overwork, (4 ) Respect from Co-worker, and (5) Job security. Inadequate Job Skills- In theRead MoreEssay Function of a Manager1381 Words   |  6 Pagesmanaging work, planning, and motivating. Motivation is clearly a way to enhance the performance of employees and boost the morale of the company. When morale decreases for any reason, productivity usually tumbles right along with it. Employee absenteeism, accidents, turnover and dissatisfaction increase, all of which can greatly harm the stability of the company. Without a managers concern and action to attack the causes of decreasing morale, the motivation and activity levels of the employees may

Psychodybamic Counseling - 2011 Words

Psychodynamic Counseling Lec 2: * Psychodynamic therapy (insight-oriented therapy) focuses unconscious processes in behavior * Goal is client’s self awareness and understanding influence of the past on the present * 4 schools of psychoanalytic theory * Freudian (Sigmund Freud) * Sexual and aggressive energies in the ID (unconscious) are controlled by Ego (bridge between ID and Reality) * Ego Psychology * Enhancing ego functions according to demands of reality * Object relations (Winnicott) * Human beings are shaped in relation to significant others * Struggle is to maintain relations with others while differentiating ourselves from them * Self Psychology (Heinz Kohut)†¦show more content†¦seeking (especially when stressed) * Separation distress and relief when reunited * Orientation towards specific individual * Secure attachment theory (by Ainsworth and Bowlby) â€Å"secure attachment is enduring affective bond characterized by a tendency to seek and maintain proximity to a specific person especially when under stress† * Characteristics of secure attachment: * Deep, long lasting, emotional attachment * Influences mind, body, emotions and values * Positive effect of self-esteem * Types of insecure attachment: * Ambivalent attachment * Withdraw in unfamiliar environment * Separation anxiety * Rejects efforts to comfort * Infant shows hostility towards parent * Avoidant attachment * Semi-independence and self efficiency * Rejects or avoids comforting * Unaffected by close intimate contacts * Infants Avoid the parent * Anxious attachment * Disorganized attachment * Most serious form * No consistent way of comfort seeking * Depression and disassociation * Attachment in adults * Attachment theory was extended to adults in late 80s by (Cindy Hazan and Phillip Shaver) * Types of adult attachment * Secure * Positive view of themselves and significant other * Comfortable with intimacy and independence and can balance *

Alice Walker’s Depiction of Female Characters in ‘the Color Purple free essay sample

Discuss this statement with reference to the critical anthology Throughout literature there has been an array of female portrayals, most prominently those in 19th century fiction, who didn’t work unless driven to it by necessity. Instead, the focus of interest was on the heroine’s choice of marriage partner, which would decide her ultimate social position and exclusively determine her happiness and fulfilment in life, or her lack thereof. However, when Walker published her novel The Color Purple, she rejected the traditional stance of the woman in literature and opted to create a novel that would empower black women who felt like they were rejected from the mainstream publications. When looking at a novel which is so focused on women we must ask ourselves, what sort of roles do the women play and are they associated with particular themes because of how they are portrayed. Rather than simply write in a manner which is a reflection of her environment, Walker intends to speak out against it through creating characters who in no way conform to the traditional constrains that are presented in female characters throughout literature. By doing so she (as do her characters) is speaking out against a patriarchal society which has put pressure on women to conform to society’s expectations of what women should be. Through her writing Walker presents a divide between traditional literature and her novel, something which is most prominently shown through her use of black American vernacular (BAV). Through giving Celie a voice through this form of non-standard English, Walker makes Celie seem like more of a real person more so than a character who is narrating a series of events throughout the novel as we are able to hear Celie’s voice when reading, something which juxtaposes the fact that this voice she has is marginalised by the men around her who act as her oppressors. Through having Celie write in BAV and non-standard English, Walker is making a political statement; as if to say that BAV is just as valid in literature as standard forms of English are which were created by white, middle class males aiming to force it upon those who aren’t white, middle class males. Through her novel, Walker is rejecting the norms of society and not only giving a voice to the black race, but more specifically giving a voice and credibility to black women, one which is marginalised not only in this novel, but in society as a whole. The first line of the novel, and Celie’s letters, begins not with Celie’s voice, but with the man she erroneously believes to be her father saying: â€Å" You better not never tell nobody but God. It’d kill your mammy†. Through opening the novel in this way Walker highlights the power that men, particularly Fonzo holds over Celie at the beginning of the novel. This sense of fear is then continued into the next line of her letter which begins, ‘I am fourteen years old. I am I have always been a good girl. ’ The fact that Celie corrects herself indicates to the reader a lack of belief that Celie holds in herself, as well as her yearning for an education which she has been denied by Fonzo. The forcefulness of Fonzo’s character has meant that Celie has had to grow up far beyond her years despite the fact mentally she is still young as shown in her lack of understanding of the rape to which she is subjected to: â€Å"then he stick his thing inside†¦and now I feel sick†. One key theme that is introduced in the novel is that of the sexual politics. This idea of sexual politics is something which runs throughout the whole novel as it magnifies the fact that there a patriarchal systems put in place to demoralise the women and make them feel like they are second class citizens within their own homes and lives. This idea of women being seen as second class citizens and second to the men in the novel isn’t only shown in Celie’s narrative, but in Nettie’s narrative also. In one of her letters to Celie, Nettie says, â€Å"The Olinka do not believe that girl’s should be educated. A girl is nothing to herself; only to her husband can she become something†¦the mother of his children†. This shows just how big a role sexual politics plays throughout the narrative as these thoughts aren’t only expressed in America with Celie; she is expected to look after Mr.? children; but also in the isolated community of the Olinka tribe. Walker wants her reader to recognise that female subjugation is not restricted to the southern states of America, but is present across the world. Furthermore, the sexual politics within the novel are again highlighted through the way that Fonzo, Mr.? and then later Harpo treat their women. The women in the novel, in particular Celie, are seen by these men as being slaves or servants who are their to do the bidding of men whilst they enjoy life, as if the women have no rights or free will of their own. We are exposed to this harsh reality when Fonzo ‘gives Celie away’ to Mr.? , ‘She ain’t no stranger to hard work. And she clean†¦she can work like a man’. The way that Fonzo describes Celie holds likeness to how slave auctioneers would sell off potential slaves to potential slave owners. However, in spite of this cruel treatment at the hands of men, Walker is keen to show her readership that regardless of the hardships that women face, they can find comfort in strength in one another. A clear example of where we see this female camaraderie is shown through the metaphor and role of the quilt which symbolises the bond that these women gain through the adversity and violence that is around them. Walker structures her novel so that we begin by seeing, in the form of the young Celie, the devastating and horrific effects that patriarchy can have on women, however, as the novel progresses she goes on to present an almost ideal world which can exist when women work together and reject the values of male-dominated society. We initially see this being shown through Shug and Sofia, two characters who aren’t afraid to speak their minds and act out against the patriarchal society that is put in place throughout the novel. In the novel Sofia is the one character who is removed the furthest from what the critical anthology describes as being a typical woman in literature. Sofia holds masculine tendencies which are brought out in the forcefulness of her character when she fights back with Harpo after Celie tells him that he should beat her. However, despite being portrayed as a strong character who Walker may want her readers to look up to, her strength, pride, natural indignation and masculine tendencies eventually land her in prison. Like the other women in the novel, in particular Celie, this leads to her becoming an oppressed and beaten woman; it’s as if Walker is trying to warn her female readers that it is somewhat perilous for women who carry these traits (strength and independence) as men will inevitably attempt to break their spirit and determination. As well as Sofia, Shug is a character who conforms in no way to what is expected of her; something which is shown through the way that she embodies the female stereotype in literature of being an ‘immoral and dangerous seductress’; a characteristic which holds similarities to characters such as Tennessee Williams’ Blanche DuBois in ‘A Streetcar Named Desire’ as they both use their sexual prowess and skills of seduction to gain acceptance from men rather than respect themselves. Walker introduces Shug to the novel not only as a character who speaks out against the harsh patriarchal constraints that are put on women, but also as a symbol of liberation, not only spiritually but sexually also. Walker highlights this in the sexual relationship she creates between Shug and Avery. Throughout the novel we see that Celie has no attraction to men, ‘I lay there thinking of Nettie while he on top of me’, however, she revels in the opportunity to care for Shug, ‘I wash her body, it feel like I’m praying. My hands tremble and my breath short’. This is a prime example of how Shug liberates Celie both spiritually and sexually through Celie’s use of religious connotations when washing Shug. Despite the fact that Celie addresses her letters to God who she identifies as being male, she sees Shug as being a holy entity on earth who has allowed her to find who she truly is. In terms of Celie’s personal development throughout the novel, Shug is probably the most important character as it is her who enlightens her in terms of finding her sexuality, learning to appreciate herself, as well as making her feel like she’s a human being; something which men, for the vast majority of the novel, try to eradicate. The novel The Color Purple is one of epic proportions; be it in terms of its range of characters, treatment of the passage of time or its range of geographical settings. However, what seems to be Walker’s greatest achievement is her intended empowerment of women. Through creating a piece of literature which presents women in roles which are in stark contrast to the roles in which literary female characters have traditionally been cast in, she is not only providing a message of positivity to her female readership but is also illustrating the unacceptable way in which cultural devices within society such as literature can often be used as instruments of ensuring the continued subjugation of specific social groups. Walker has been praised by many for her ability to capture the sense of female subjugation and emancipation of the time, with critics like Richard Wesley praising her for her ability to â€Å"expose a country’s dark secrets†. However, whereas some have praised her, others like Robert Towers have criticised her for the novels continuous feminist train-of-thought and her inability to plot and structure what is clearly intended to be a realistic novel.

BBS Piracy And The Copyright Essay Example For Students

BBS Piracy And The Copyright Essay Recently, The Toronto Star published an article entitled RCMP seizesBBS, piracy charges pending. The RCMP have possessed all computercomponents belonging to the 90 North bulletin board system in Montreal,Quebec. The board is accused of allowing end-users the opportunity todownload (get) commercial and beta (not marketed, test) software. After a four month investigation, the RCMP seized ten micro-computersand seven modems. In addition, they found software applications of majorcorporations valued at a sum of approximately $25,000.00 (It is estimatedthat $200 million dollars are lost in revenues from software piracy,according to the Canadian Alliance Against Software Theft {CANST}). For afee of $49/year, the user was enabled to download such software asWordPerfect, Microsoft DOS,Windows, Lotus, Borland C++, dBase IV, and IBMLAN which are all copyrighted by The Canadian Copyright Act. The RCMPacted in response to concern from the users who stated that they were notsure whether this software could be distributed electronically. Yves Roy, sergeant of RCMP stated that charges will be laid in earlyDecember under paragraph 42 of The Copyright Act. Conviction under thisact carries a maximum punishment of a fine of $1 million dollars, and/or 5years imprisonment. Because newspaper articles are very biased in one point-of- view, itis difficult to look at both sides of this situation. But let us discusspiracy in a more general manner. Software piracy is the act in whichsomeone takes a copyrighted portion or whole of software, thenelectronically copies and/or distributes it, with or without modificationof any sort. The software is distributed to other people and/ororganizations who financially or otherwise charge/trade for the softwaresuse, and lacking authority or permission from the company or person inwhich the software is copyrighted by. According to the article, the 90 North BBS satisfies the softwarepiracy definition and is therefore guilty of the act. The BBS is furtherliable if the software companies decide to file law suites against them. This is all fairly evident, but we need to ask ourselves whether TheCopyright Act and its punishments are fair for modern society. To answerthis question, we need to look at piracy and how it affects the world as awhole. One may wonder how 90 North makes its money. Just to stay at abreak even point, it needs 2,500 members! The answer is that the BBS doesnot buy the software from retailers. It buys the software frompirate/cracking groups such as The Humble Guys (THG), InternationalNetwork of Crackers (INC), National Elite Underground Alliance (NEUA),Software Exchange (SEX), Public Enemy (PE), etc. (most of the groups aredeal in the U.S. only). But how do these organizations get their software?From various places around the world such as Europe, the pirategroups pay people who work in software companies to send them commercial orbeta software. Then the pirate groups hire crackers (people who alterthe programs code) to un-copy-protect the software. Once this is done,the pirate groups ask various U.S. BBSs to pay them for thisun-copy-protected software. Then, as you already know, the BBS asks theend-user for an annual fee to have access to the BBS. So, for anindividual to risk his job for a fast buck, ma ny people are able to getsoftware at much of a discount. Canadians, however, are far luckier than the United States. Canadianpirate BBSs have a policy you get as much as you give (at variousratios), meaning that the amount of software you give to the board, is theamount of software (in bytes) you may receive; and no fee is required. Assoftware gets bumped from one BBS to another in the states, it eventuallymakes it way up into Canada, where BBS users have the opportunity to getcommercial software simply by giving the board other software. .u95b61aa14a32db182076532fda3804af , .u95b61aa14a32db182076532fda3804af .postImageUrl , .u95b61aa14a32db182076532fda3804af .centered-text-area { min-height: 80px; position: relative; } .u95b61aa14a32db182076532fda3804af , .u95b61aa14a32db182076532fda3804af:hover , .u95b61aa14a32db182076532fda3804af:visited , .u95b61aa14a32db182076532fda3804af:active { border:0!important; } .u95b61aa14a32db182076532fda3804af .clearfix:after { content: ""; display: table; clear: both; } .u95b61aa14a32db182076532fda3804af { display: block; transition: background-color 250ms; webkit-transition: background-color 250ms; width: 100%; opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #95A5A6; } .u95b61aa14a32db182076532fda3804af:active , .u95b61aa14a32db182076532fda3804af:hover { opacity: 1; transition: opacity 250ms; webkit-transition: opacity 250ms; background-color: #2C3E50; } .u95b61aa14a32db182076532fda3804af .centered-text-area { width: 100%; position: relative ; } .u95b61aa14a32db182076532fda3804af .ctaText { border-bottom: 0 solid #fff; color: #2980B9; font-size: 16px; font-weight: bold; margin: 0; padding: 0; text-decoration: underline; } .u95b61aa14a32db182076532fda3804af .postTitle { color: #FFFFFF; font-size: 16px; font-weight: 600; margin: 0; padding: 0; width: 100%; } .u95b61aa14a32db182076532fda3804af .ctaButton { background-color: #7F8C8D!important; color: #2980B9; border: none; border-radius: 3px; box-shadow: none; font-size: 14px; font-weight: bold; line-height: 26px; moz-border-radius: 3px; text-align: center; text-decoration: none; text-shadow: none; width: 80px; min-height: 80px; background: url(https://artscolumbia.org/wp-content/plugins/intelly-related-posts/assets/images/simple-arrow.png)no-repeat; position: absolute; right: 0; top: 0; } .u95b61aa14a32db182076532fda3804af:hover .ctaButton { background-color: #34495E!important; } .u95b61aa14a32db182076532fda3804af .centered-text { display: table; height: 80px; padding-left : 18px; top: 0; } .u95b61aa14a32db182076532fda3804af .u95b61aa14a32db182076532fda3804af-content { display: table-cell; margin: 0; padding: 0; padding-right: 108px; position: relative; vertical-align: middle; width: 100%; } .u95b61aa14a32db182076532fda3804af:after { content: ""; display: block; clear: both; } READ: Becoming a Computer Engineer EssaySo what does all this activity tell us? This tells us the people arewilling to go to great lengths to get software at a lower cost, or possiblyin exchange for other software and are succeeding in their efforts. Although more than 50% of their income is from other companies which do notpirate, this posses a problem for the software industries. By fining asingle bulletin board out of the thousands in North America, there would belittle accomplished. Not to mention the fact the it is extremely difficultto prove and convict people under the copyright act. This is how the scene looked in 1980 posing a huge problem ofbusiness and the industry. The picture is much different now. What didcompanies do to overcome the problem (The Copyright Act didnt help toomuch!)? Businesses made programs such that one would require a manual,product support, other reference material, etc. So, now when somebodyillegally copies an application, they need this extra material in orderto use the software efficiently and effectively. There are still somequirks, as someone could photocopy a manual (though fewer people wouldspend the extra time and money). But nevertheless, the software companieshave had success in slowing down the software piracy process. In todays society, software is at far the least income source forcorporations such as WordPerfect Corp. They make their money fromindividuals purchasing extra manuals, reference material, supplementaryhardware, and calling product support. Software companies are conscious ofthe pirate world and the changes they have made. Some companies actuallywant you to take the software. With the SHAREWARE concept, one evaluatesthe software, and then pays if s/he feels it is a worthy product. Companies are, of course, satisfied with the current conditions. Most ofthe companies are still in business, and still bringing up moretechnological advancements. The companies, in one sense , have outsmartedand beaten the pirates. From BBSs, users have to opportunity to view software and evaluateit before they pay the high cost of the extras. Programmers also have theopportunity to view other works and learn from the advancements, or findthe errors in the beta (or commercial) versions. Like all laws, TheCanadian Copyright Act needs to be modified with the changing society. The act as of now is having little effect.The Copyright Act needs to bechanged so it reflects, without distortion, the views of individuals andcorporations. A law is made to keep order, and if it doesnt do that,then certainly it needs modification.